Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform

Gladysheva, Anastasya

doi:10.18254/S207987840021221-2

Home>Issue 4 (114)>Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform

Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform

Table of contents

Annotation Estimate Publication content

References Comments

Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform

Annotation

PII

S207987840021221-2-1

DOI

10.18254/S207987840021221-2

Publication type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Anastasya Gladysheva Send message

Affiliation: Institute of World History RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Edition

Volume 13 Issue 4 (114)

Abstract

The Soviet Union history of the late 1940s — early 1950s embraces the end of the post-war economic recovery, the change of the country’s top leadership and emerging attempts to reform the existing centralized management system. Within the framework of these processes, a key role is given to science. The Soviet functionaries tended to consider scientific and technological progress as a resource for improving economic indicators and boosting the economy of the country. The author analyzes the main prerequisites for changing the goal-setting of the Soviet science and technology policy in the period of the 1950s; examines the problem of integrating the latest developments into production processes in the framework of the planned economy; and describes the key institutional transformations that took place during this period. Conducting such an analysis makes it possible to single out the key problems in the implementation of the science and technology policy of the Soviet Union in the middle of the 20th century and to trace how it was combined with the economic reforms carried out in the country.

Keywords

USSR science and technology policy, science in the USSR, science and production, State Committee for Science and Technology, planned economy, USSR Academy of Sciences, State Planning Committee, Economic Council reform

Received

26.01.2022

Publication date

30.06.2022

Number of characters

38592

Number of purchasers

Views

610

Readers community rating

0.0 (0 votes)

Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

GOST	Gladysheva A. Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform // ISTORIYA. – 2022. – V. 13. – Issue 4 (114). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840021221-2-1/. DOI: 10.18254/S207987840021221-2
MLA	Gladysheva, Anastasya "Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform." ISTORIYA. 13.4 (114) (2022). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840021221-2
APA	Gladysheva A. (2022). Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR of the 1950—1960s: from the Problem of Implementation to Attempts of Systemic Reform. ISTORIYA. vol. 13, no. 4 (114) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840021221-2

Full text is available to subscribers only

Subscribe right now

Only article and additional services

Subscription benefits

200 RUB / 1.0 SU

Whole issue and additional services

Subscription benefits

920 RUB / 10.0 SU

All issues and additional services for 2022

Subscription benefits

5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. Allakhverdyan A. G. Dinamika nauchnykh kadrov v sovetskoj i rossijskoj nauke: sravnitel'no-istoricheskoe issledovanie. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Kogito-Tsentr», 2014.

2. Bykovskaya G. A. K voprosu o gosudarstvennoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj politike v SSSR v 1950—1980 gg. // Vestnik SGAU. 2003. № 2. S. 12—18.

3. Vneocherednoj XXI s'ezd Kommunisticheskoj partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 27 yanvarya — 5 fevralya 1959 g. Stenograficheskij otchet. T. 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1959.

4. Volynkina M. V. Problema vnedreniya nauchno-tekhnicheskikh dostizhenij: istoricheskij vzglyad // Yuridicheskaya nauka i pravookhranitel'naya praktika. 2009. № 2 (8). S. 77—85.

5. Goskomizobretenij — Rospatent: 65 let: bibliograficheskij ukazatel' / sost. Otdelenie VPTB, Informatsionno-bibliograficheskij otdel. M.: FIPS, 2020.

6. Granberg A. G. Predmet issledovaniya — proizvoditel'nye sily Rossii: k 90-letiyu Soveta po izucheniyu proizvoditel'nykh sil // Vestnik Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, 2006. T. 76. № 6. S. 560—564.

7. Zhirnov E. Sistema oplaty truda nauchnykh rabotnikov imeet ser'eznye nedostatki // Zhurnal «Kommersant' Vlast'». № 42. 2011 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1793511 (data obrascheniya: 14.02.2022).

8. Zvorykin A. A. Material'no-tekhnicheskaya baza kommunizma // Voprosy istorii. 1961. № 10. S. 25—39.

9. Kalinov V. V. Dostizheniya i proschety gosudarstvennoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj politiki SSSR v poslevoennyj period // Russian Technological Journal. 2018. № 6 (1). S. 73—87.

10. Kochetkova E. Dognat' i peregnat'. Kak pri Khruscheve modernizirovali tsellyulozno-bumazhnuyu promyshlennost' // Laboratoriya ehkologicheskoj i tekhnologicheskoj istorii Vysshej shkoly ehkonomiki. 2018 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://spb.hse.ru/humart/chr/eth/news/224747702.html (data obrascheniya: 14.02.2018).

11. Lel'chuk B. C. Nauchno-tekhnicheskaya revolyutsiya i promyshlennoe razvitie SSSR. M.: Nauka, 1987.

12. Mishin V. V. Vojna kak dvigatel' nauchno-tekhnicheskogo progressa // Politicheskoe prostranstvo i sotsial'noe vremya: Sinergiya smyslov i tsennostej: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov XXXIV Mezhdunarodnogo Kharakskogo foruma, Yalta, 17—20 maya 2018 g. / red. Senyushkina T. A. 2018. S. 111—117.

13. Marks K., Ehngel's F. Sochineniya. T. 23. M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury, 1969.

14. Materialy Vsesoyuznogo soveschaniya rabotnikov promyshlennosti, sozvannogo TsK KPSS i Sovetom Ministrov SSSR, 16—18 maya 1955 g.: Stenograficheskij otchet. M., 1955.

15. Nekrasov V. L. «Dilemma Khruscheva»: reformy Gosplana SSSR, neftekhimicheskij proekt i vyzovy kholodnoj vojny (vtoraya polovina 1950-kh gg. — pervaya polovina 1960-kh gg.). M.: IVI RAN, 2019.

16. Nekrasov V. The Khrushchev's Petrochemical Project (Second Half of 1950s — First Half of the 1960s): the Strategy of Modernization of the Soviet Economy, the Export of Oil and the Allocation Resource Rents // ISTORIYA. 2015. Vol. 6. Issue 11 (44). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840001371-7-1/

17. Nekrasov V. The Soviet Economic Model: Institutions, Oil and Gas Resources and the Challenge of “Resource Curse” // ISTORIYA. 2016. Vol. 7. Issue 10 (54). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840001894-2-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S0001894-2-1

18. Nekrasov V. L. Sovetskij ehkonomicheskij reformizm ehpokhi N. S. Khruscheva: avtoritarnyj reformator, partijno-gosudarstvennaya sistema i akademicheskoe soobschestvo // Novyj istoricheskij vestnik, 2017. № 4 (54). S. 71—91.

19. Nesmeyanov A. N. Na kachelyakh KhKh v. M.: Izdatel'skij tsentr «Moskvovedenie», 2018.

20. Postanovlenie Sovmina SSSR ot 14.03.1947 № 525 «O Komitete po izobreteniyam i otkrytiyam pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR» // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=46967#TBN2QxSmWiuqiRO71 (data obrascheniya: 14.02.2022).

21. Postanovlenie TsK KPSSS i SM SSSR ot 20 avgusta 1956 g. № 1174 «O merakh po uluchsheniyu podgotovki i attestatsii nauchnykh i pedagogicheskikh kadrov» // Biblioteka normativno-pravovykh aktov Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_5120.htm (data obrascheniya: 14.02.2022).

22. Safronov A. V. Praktiki raboty Gosplana SSSR v brezhnevskij period (po arkhivnym materialam i interv'yu s V. V. Kossovym). M.: Izdatel'skij dom Vysshej shkoly ehkonomiki, 2021.

23. Temirbulatova R. N. Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po nauke i tekhnike: struktura, zadachi, mezhvedomstvennaya koordinatsiya rabot // Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo ehkonomicheskogo universiteta. 2009. №. 10. S. 93—100.

24. Ehkmalyan A. M. Razvitoj sotsializm i nauchno-tekhnicheskaya revolyutsiya // Vestnik obschestvennykh nauk. 1975. T. 12. S. 3—12.

25. Ehkonomicheskaya istoriya mira: v 5 t. / red. Konotopov M. V. T. 4. Ehkonomika SSSR v period 1921—1929 gg. Den'gi i Vtoraya mirovaya vojna. Posle Vtoroj mirovoj vojny: ehkonomika FRG, Anglii, Frantsii, SShA, Latinskoj Ameriki, Kitaya, Yaponii i Vostochnoj Evropy. SPb.: Aletejya, 2018.

26. Yasin E. G. Rossijskaya ehkonomika. Istoki i panorama rynochnykh reform. M.: Izdatel'skij dom Vysshej shkoly ehkonomiki, 2019.

27. Bullard E., Lovell B., Deacon G. The Effect of World War II on the Development of Knowledge in the Physical Sciences [and Discussion] // Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. No. 342 (1631). L., 1975. P. 519—536.

28. Fortun M., Schweber S. S. Scientists and the Legacy of World War II: The Case of Operations Research (OR) // Social Studies of Science. No. 23 (4). 1993. P. 595—642.

29. XIX s'ezd VKP(b) — KPSS (5—14 oktyabrya 1952 g.). Dokumenty i materialy // Proekt «Istoricheskie materialy» [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://istmat.info/files/uploads/52189/19_sezd_.pdf (data obrascheniya: 14.02.2022).