This article is devoted to the development of the Soviet-African relations in the line of health care and the experience of Soviet doctors in some countries of tropical Africa in the 1960s — early 1970s. They were thousands of kilometers away from home together with a huge number of other specialists of different profiles in the framework of the USSR unified strategy towards the friendly countries of the African continent to implement joint projects and help the young states in Africa. This article is based on materials from federal archives (AVP RF, RGAE, RGASPI) that have preserved information on the organization of medical facilities, training institutions, supplies of medical equipment, the peculiarities, complexities and realities of Guinea, Mali, Ghana, Tanzania and Zambia.