A large amount of research has been devoted to the rulers of the Middle Ages and early modern times. The biographical genre is in its prime and is often associated with revisionist studies of female royals. The article is devoted to the study of the issue of female power in one of the most famous French treatises of the 16th century “The six Books of the Commonwealth” by Jean Bodin. In the course of the study, it was found that the issue of the status of women in the Republic is raised by the author throughout the entire treatise. With regard to the position of women, Boden proceeds from the ideas expressed by ancient thinkers and customs enshrined in Roman law. In the last book, he devotes a chapter to the problem of gynecocracy — female power, in which, with the help of arguments and historical examples, he tries to prove the impossibility and unreasonableness of women in power.