The article presents an analysis of the 1953—1964 legislation of the Soviet Union and the Russian SFSR (RSFSR) on natural resources and nature protection. Based on the analysis of all normative legal acts and other documents adopted during this period, the authors managed to identify the main features of its development. They used the legal reference assistance system «Consultant Plus» while working on the article. In their previous articles, the authors have already studied the main features of the Soviet and Russian legislation on natural resources and nature protection of earlier periods (of 1917—1941 and 1941—1953).