Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793

Verchenkova, Victoria

doi:10.18254/S207987840015440-3

English

Home>Issue 7 (105)>Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793

Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793

Table of contents

Annotation Estimate Publication content

References Comments

Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793

Annotation

PII

S207987840015440-3-1

DOI

10.18254/S207987840015440-3

Publication type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Victoria Verchenkova Send message

ORCID: 0000-0003-3108-3665

Affiliation: State Academic University for the Humanities
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Edition

Volume 12 Issue 7 (105)

Abstract

The author analyzes the relationship between the two allies, the British and the Spanish, during their common defense of Toulon in 1793. According the convention of Aranjuez, concluded on May 25, 1793, the English and Spanish ships were supposed to help each other in hostilities and protect their merchant ships. But when the allies began to act together, it turned out that finding a common language was not so easy. Based on English and Spanish sources, the author of the article concluded that these two nations were forced to cooperate with each other, but they were not able to understand each other. Each side pursued its own goals in this campaign, and that led to numerous disagreements. Because of feuding for decades, neither the Spaniards nor the British could accept the superiority of their opponent. Moreover, the more failures there were in war, the more enmity grew to each other. The author demonstrates some contradictions that plagued the Allied army from the inside. Disputes over who should command the combined forces, who contributes most to the defense, and in the end, who is to blame for the surrender of the city — undermined the already fragile alliance between the two countries. Throughout the siege and the following years, both the Spanish and the English tried to find the culprits for their failed defense of the city against the Republicans, primarily shifting the blame to others, looking for traitors who had contacted the enemy almost from the very beginning of the campaign.

Keywords

The French Revolution, the Siege of Toulon in 1793, the War of the First Coalition, Great Britain, Spain

Источник финансирования

The study is sponsored by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 21-78-00078 “Images of Enemy and Ally in Reception of the British Participants of the Military Campaigns in the West Mediterranean and the Pyrenees 1793—1814”.

Received

29.07.2021

Publication date

16.08.2021

Number of characters

65556

Number of purchasers

Views

1205

Readers community rating

0.0 (0 votes)

Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

GOST	Verchenkova V. Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793 // ISTORIYA. – 2021. – V. 12. – Issue 7 (105). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840015440-3-1/. DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015440-3
MLA	Verchenkova, Victoria "Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793." ISTORIYA. 12.7 (105) (2021). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015440-3
APA	Verchenkova V. (2021). Enemies or Allies? Spanish-British Relations during the Siege of Toulon in 1793. ISTORIYA. vol. 12, no. 7 (105) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015440-3

Full text is available to subscribers only

Subscribe right now

Only article and additional services

Subscription benefits

200 RUB / 1.0 SU

Whole issue and additional services

Subscription benefits

1000 RUB / 10.0 SU

All issues and additional services for 2021

Subscription benefits

5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. T'er A. Istoriya Frantsuzskoj revolyutsii. V 3-kh tomakh. T. 2. M., 2016.

2. A Collection of State Papers: Relative to the War Against France Now Carrying on by Great-Britain and the Several Other European Powers. L., 1794.

3. Barrow J. The Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith. L., 1848.

4. Dundas H., Hood S. Summary account of the proceedings of the Fleet and Army, employed at Toulon, in 1793, with observations on the claim that has been made by Admiral Lord Hood, for the remuneration of the Navy exclusively for that service. Brentford, 1805.

5. Gómez de Arteche J. Reinado de Carlos IV. T. 1. Madrid, 1892.

6. Lasso de la Vega J. La marina real de España a fines del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX: Memorias de familia, tipos, escenas y cuadros de costumbres, apuntes y materia los para la historia de la marina Española. T. 2. Madrid, 1863.

7. Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, First Earl of Minto, from 1751 to 1806. Vol. 1. L., 1874.

8. Meeks J. France, Britain, and the Struggle for the Revolutionary Western Mediterranean (War, Culture and Society, 1750—1850). L., 2017.

9. Mémoires du Prince de la Paix, don Manuel Godoy. T. 2. P., 1836.

10. The Dispatches and Letters of Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson with Notes by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas: 1777 to 1794. Vol. 1. L., 1844.

11. The Political Testament of Maximil. Robertspierre, with an Account of the Secret Negociations carried on under his direction with Several of the Principal States of Europe written and signed by his hand, translated from the French. L., 1796.