The article is devoted to the study of the life path and scientific creativity of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov who is an outstanding representative of the Kazakh elite, a career officer and a talented researcher in Central Asia. The author of the article also pays attention to studying the contacts of the scientist with prominent figures of the Russian democratic and scientific intelligentuals. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the scientific works of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov on the history, geography, flora and fauna of the territory of Central Asia. The author of the article has made a comparative translation and analysis of the works performed by Ch. Ch. Valikhanov from medieval manuscripts, in particular the «letters of Toktamysh» and other works of the people of Asia. It was revealed that Ch. Valikhanov, as a scientist, collected and summarized a huge amount of material on the history of the Central Asian region. He collected information on routes along Central Asian regions. The fact is confirmed that Ch. Ch. Valikhanov was the first to introduce new data into scientific circulation hitherto unknown to scientists in Europe and Russia. His works were applied in the development of this rich and politically important region. In the course of the study, the current state of historiography is revealed according to the main works of the researcher and the sources of his biography. The source base of the study includes the collected works of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov and documents of the archives of Kazakhstan, Tatarstan and Orenburg. As a result of the study, we denote the following: a comparative analysis of the work of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov was held, the most valuable works on the scientific heritage of the scientist are revealed, and his contribution to world science is indicated.