Explores the process of bringing in the Soviet Union of foreign capital in the form of concessions in the second half of the 1920s Examines the policy of cooperation of the Bolsheviks with American businessmen during the new economic policy in the development of new markets investments. Considers the activities of the Chiatura concession, W. Averell Harriman as one of the manifestations of business cooperation. The reasons of the failure of the event. Special attention is paid to the issue of “loan Harriman” and its role in establishment of external economic relations between the two countries. Examines development of operations in government interest-bearing notes, convertible at the loan, with payments to the concessionaire buck. The political significance of this loan in the context of the development of Soviet-American relations before and after the Second World War is emphasized.