The article examines the relationship between Soviet power and former landowners in the era of revolutionary upheaval and during the NEP. The study of archival material makes it possible to trace the course, stages and results of the process of eviction of former landlords in the Kaluga and Tula provinces in 1925—1927. The study of archival material allows us to consider the question of the nature of the use of the former estates after the revolution of 1917 and present the material in the form of a table. The eviction of the former landowners allowed the Soviet government to prepare a repressive mechanism for the 1930s.