Formula Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury

Kirillova, Ekaterina

doi:10.18254/S0001914-4-1

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Formula “Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi»: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury

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Formula “Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi»: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury

Annotation

PII

S207987840001914-4-1

DOI

10.18254/S0001914-4-1

Publication type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Ekaterina Kirillova Send message

Affiliation: Institute of World History
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Edition

Volume 8 Issue 6 (60)

Abstract

The article considers the key to determine the medieval master formula that required a craftsman to know his craft and to have the means, necessary for his independent work (que il sache le mestier, et il a de quoi). The different components of the formula, the variants of its records in the Parisian regulations of the thirteenth century (“Book of crafts” of Etienne Boileau) and the nuances of meaning were analyzed. The most stable part of formula – the expression «to have the means» (se il ont de quoi). Few options (single or plural, feminine or masculine) correspond to the nature of craft and the construction of the phrase and reflect rather the individual characteristics of the writer, than the substantive points. The other part of the formula – “to know the craft” – gives a greater variety of expressions. The verb «to do» (faire) is of particular importance here, it enhances the practical component (but not adds it because it is unconditional): it is emphasized that the master has not only the necessary knowledge, but also knows how to use them. This verb caused the need to clarify how the future master has to own his craft, and to expand and complicate the formula, adding new expressions (“de touz poinz”, “bien et loialment”, etc.). The formula “to know the craft and to have the means” is found in 41 regulations: taking into account the various forms and spellings of words – 37 variants of the formula; taking into account only the number (singular or plural) and the different word order – 28 variants. This traditional for the Parisian regulations formula was alive, not a «frozen» expression; it expressed a common position of professional communities – to allow the corporation only worthy people. Then it almost ceased to apply, and was replaced with the more specific requirements: what meant “sufficient” for knowledge and skills required to obtain the title of master and what were the criteria of means for a craftsman.

Keywords

“Book of crafts” of Paris, formulas, “que il sache le mestier, et il a de quoi” – ”to know the craft and to have the means”

Received

22.05.2017

Publication date

16.07.2017

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23404

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GOST	Kirillova E. Formula “Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi»: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury // ISTORIYA. – 2017. – V. 8. – Issue 6 (60). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840001914-4-1/. DOI: 10.18254/S0001914-4-1
MLA	Kirillova, Ekaterina "Formula “Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi»: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury." ISTORIYA. 8.6 (60) (2017). DOI: 10.18254/S0001914-4-1
APA	Kirillova E. (2017). Formula “Que il Sache le Mestier, et il a de Quoi»: How to Become a Craftsman in Paris in the 13th Сentury. ISTORIYA. vol. 8, no. 6 (60) DOI: 10.18254/S0001914-4-1

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References

Additional sources and materials

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