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Part I. Time in Town: Long Middle Ages and Its Heritage
In this section, there are no traditional for historical science disputes about the dating of events, but there are ideas about antiquity and eternity, about the present day of a medieval city and the transience of time. The authors consider ways of fixing moments of time (dates, hours, etc.), long- and short-time intervals, real and mythical events of urban history. Mentions of time or its specific moment confirmed and proved the status of the city, the legitimacy of various demands or claims, the fullness of property rights, and so on. Reflecting the ideas of medieval townspeople and our contemporaries about eternity and the universe, about the structure of the earthly and heavenly world, references to the ancient and recent past of the city determined its place in the universe and in world history. The authors prove the functionality and economic value of time, the importance of its correlation with space, circumstances, a complex of cause-and-effect relationships, and once again demonstrate the historical charm of a medieval city.
Часть II. New Political History of Medieval Europe in Russia
Political history entered a period of renewal and rise at the end of the 20th — early 21st century. The “return” of political history was marked by the broadening of topics and an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of power. In Russian medieval studies, the most successful scientific platform for the transformation of the range of topics and methodology in the area of medieval and early modern political history became the scientific group “Power and Society”, organised and presided over for 30 years by Nina Khachaturyan (1931—2020). In this section, there is a collection of more significant and distinctive articles of the members of this group that display new approaches to the study of social, legal, ideological, and cultural characteristics of the political history in the present-day Russian medieval studies.