Везде
Objective and Subjective Difficulties in Implementation Lend-Lease Programs Towards the Soviet Union
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
Objective and Subjective Difficulties in Implementation Lend-Lease Programs Towards the Soviet Union
Annotation
PII
S207987840030554-8-1
DOI
10.18254/S207987840030554-8
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Irina Khruleva 
Affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Volume 15 Issue 3 (137)
Abstract

Many questions regarding the implementation of the Lend-Lease program for the Soviet Union still, decades after the end of World War II, remain hotly debated. Without in any way detracting from the importance of American supplies under Lend-Lease for the Soviet Union, it should be noted that judging solely from the point of view of the quantitative and qualitative contribution of the allies in the fight against Nazi Germany — without taking into account the objective and subjective difficulties in implementing this program, without reference to a specific military and political context — do little to explain the reasons for the immediate post-war cooling in relations between the former allies of the anti-Hitler coalition. The personal position of F. D. Roosevelt, who constantly controlled supplies to the USSR under Lend-Lease, was of fundamental importance for the development of the program of assistance to the Soviet Union, but the openly selfish position of the American military prevented the establishment of interaction both in the first months of the war and subsequently. The main objective difficulty in implementing the Lend-Lease program was the organization of cargo delivery. There was an urgent need to modernize the infrastructure of both American and Soviet ports. The cargo received from the allies had to be delivered to the front — a considerable additional burden fell on the Soviet railways, which were already working at the limit of their capabilities. Supplies were repeatedly interrupted for military and political reasons. The schedule, nomenclature and timing of deliveries to the USSR under Lend-Lease were often disrupted; delays in the implementation of the Moscow Protocol were especially noticeable. Concerns of Western politicians, diplomats and military personnel regarding the possible uncontrolled strengthening of the Soviet Union due to the military successes of the Red Army also slowed down the implementation of the Lend-Lease program for the USSR. However, the history of Lend-Lease clearly shows that the fight against Nazism united a variety of countries and peoples who had completely different socio-political systems, mentality, traditions, and historical experience. Lend-Lease became an effective tool for mutual assistance among the allies. Despite all the difficulties in implementing the Lend-Lease program for the Soviet Union, the value, scale, and variety of military-economic assistance from the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition are obvious.

Keywords
Lend-Lease, the anti-Hitler coalition, the Great Patriotic War, military and economic cooperation, the second front
Received
16.02.2024
Publication date
31.05.2024
Number of characters
41906
Number of purchasers
14
Views
155
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

Full text is available to subscribers only
Subscribe right now
Only article and additional services
Subscription benefits
200 RUB / 1.0 SU
Whole issue and additional services
Subscription benefits
820 RUB / 10.0 SU
All issues and additional services for 2024
Subscription benefits
5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. Akop'yants A. S. Nekotorye voprosy istorii lend-liza (1941—1945 gg.) // Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putej soobscheniya: Gumanitarnye issledovaniya. 2023. № 1 (16). S. 37—46.

2. Butenina N. V. Lend-liz. Sdelka veka. M.: GU VShEh, 2004.

3. Bystrova I. V. Lend-liz dlya SSSR: Ehkonomika, tekhnika, lyudi (1941—1945 gg.). M., 2019.

4. Bystrova I. Soviet Union and United States in the World War II: Evolution of Mutual Perceptions // ISTORIYA. 2014. Vol. 5. Issue 7 (30). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840000836-8-1/

5. Bystrova I. V. SSSR i SShA v gody Vtoroj mirovoj vojny: rol' lichnykh kontaktov v sotrudnichestve. Vestnik RGGU. Seriya «Politologiya. Istoriya. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya». 2016 (2). S. 52—70.

6. Velikaya Otechestvennaya vojna 1941—1945 gg.: v 12 t. T. 8. Vneshnyaya politika i diplomatiya Sovetskogo Soyuza v gody vojny. M., 2014.

7. Volkov V. A. K voprosu ob interpretatsii programmy pomoschi SShA Sovetskomu Soyuzu v period Vtoroj mirovoj vojny (lend-liza) v sovremennoj rossijskoj istoriografii // Izvestiya Laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologij. 2023. T. 19. № 2. S. 149—157.

8. Golikov F. I. Zapiski nachal'nika Razvedupra. M.: Rodina, 2018.

9. Istoriya Velikoj Pobedy v trekh tomakh. T. 3. Vojna i diplomatiya. M.: Izdatel'stvo «MGIMO-Universitet», 2020.

10. Komarkov A. Yu. Problemy stanovleniya soyuznicheskikh otnoshenij SSSR s Angliej i SShA (22 iyunya — oktyabr' 1941 g.) // Novejshaya istoriya Rossii. 2012. № 1. S. 145—152.

11. Krasnov V. N., Krasnov I. V. Lend-liz dlya SSSR. 1941—1945 gg. M.: Nauka, 2008.

12. Krasnozhenova E. E. Transiranskij transportnyj marshrut v period Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny (1941—1945 gg.) // Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti SPbGPU. Gumanitarnye i obschestvennye nauki. 2017. T. 8. № 3. S. 27—36.

13. Kumanev G. A., Serazetdinov B. U. Voennaya ehkonomika SSSR — vazhnejshij faktor Velikoj Pobedy (1941—1945 gg.). M.: Veche, 2015.

14. Lend-liz i arkticheskie konvoi: ot regional'nogo sotrudnichestva k global'noj koalitsii / nauch. red. M. N. Suprun. Arkhangel'sk, 2021.

15. Maĭskij I. M. Vospominaniya sovetskogo diplomata, 1925—1945 gg. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1980.

16. Mal'kov V. L. Put' k imperstvu: Amerika v pervoj polovine XX v. M.: Nauka, 2004.

17. Minkova K. V. Ehkonomicheskie istoki kholodnoj vojny: sovetsko-amerikanskie ehkonomicheskie otnosheniya v 1943—1947 gg. SPb.: Skifiya-print, 2021.

18. Myagkov M. Yu. Lend-liz dlya SSSR i ego vklad v pobedu soyuznikov v gody Vtoroj mirovoj vojny // Lend-liz i arkticheskie konvoi: ot regional'nogo sotrudnichestva k global'noj koalitsii / nauch. red. M. N. Suprun. Arkhangel'sk, 2021. S. 15—28.

19. Pechatnov V. O. Stalin, Ruzvel't, Trumehn: SSSR i SShA v 1940-kh gg.: Dokumental'nye ocherki. M., 2006.

20. Pleshkov V. N. Zakon o lend-lize i severnye konvoi // Severnye konvoi: issledovaniya, vospominaniya, dokumenty. Arkhangel'sk: Arkhangel'skij filial Geograficheskogo obschestva SSSR, 1991. S. 8—18.

21. Pozdeeva L. V. Lend-liz dlya SSSR: diskussiya prodolzhaetsya // Vtoraya mirovaya vojna: aktual'nye problemy. M., 1995. S. 324—33.

22. Rukavishnikov V. O. Kholodnaya vojna, kholodnyj mir. Obschestvennoe mnenie v SShA i Evrope o SSSR / Rossii, vneshnej politike i bezopasnosti Zapada. M.: Akademicheskij proekt, 2005.

23. Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnosheniya. 1939—1945: sbornik dokladov / sost. B. I. Zhilyaev; V. I. Savchenko; nauch. red. G. N. Sevost'yanov. M.: Mezhdunarodnyj fond «Demokratiya»; Izdatel'skaya firma «Materik», 2004.

24. Stettinius Eh. Lend-liz — oruzhie pobedy // Zagadki lend-liza. M.: Veche, 2000.

25. Suprun M. N. Lend-liz i severnye konvoi. 1941—1945 gg. M., 1997.

26. Khrulev A. V. Zapiski intendanta. Neopublikovannaya rukopis'. M.: OOO «Rektajm—T», 2017.

27. Shervud R. Ruzvel't i Gopkins glazami ochevidtsa / per. s angl. M., 1958.

28. Herring G. C. Jr. Aid to Russia, 1941—1946. N. Y., Columbia University Press, 1973.

29. Martel L. Lend-Lease, Loans and the Coming of the Cold War: A Study of the Implementation of Foreign Policy. Boulder: Westview Press, 1979.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate