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Repatriation Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: from “Oralman” to “Kandas”
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Repatriation Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: from “Oralman” to “Kandas”
Annotation
PII
S207987840029938-0-1
DOI
10.18254/S207987840029938-0
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Svetlana Kovalskaya 
ORCID: 0000-0001-7613-7597
Affiliation: Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Address: Kazakhstan, Astana
Akerke Khizat
Affiliation: Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Address: Kazakhstan, Astana
Alla Fedorova
Affiliation: Orenburg State Pedagogical University
Address: Russian Federation, Orenburg
Edition
Volume 15 Issue 1 (135)
Abstract

The article analyzes the repatriation policy of the Kazakhstan from the era of the late USSR 1991 until our days and presents field materials of the research conducted in different cities from 2019 to 2021 (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Astana, the villages of Akmola region - Karaotkel and Koyandy). We have used materials of the field expeditions conducted in 2014 and 2019 in Western Mongolia (Bayan-Ulgiy) among ethnic Kazakhs. During the field expeditions, the goal was to identify the reasons for repatriation and find out the process of integration of immigrants into Kazakhstani society. It was supposed to answer the question of whether the repatriation policy could be considered successful. The authors relied on a transnational approach to study the process of the return of ethnic Kazakhs to their historical homelandas well as the theory of acculturation, through the prism of which the problems of repatriation are shown.The authors were guided by the method of biographical interviewing and participant observation. The article uses archival materials extracted from the National Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana) and the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty). The reason for migration for repatriates is not only their desire to reunite with their homeland. One of the attractive factors is the desire for self-preservation of ethnicity and ensuring a successful life for the repatriates themselves and their children. The integration of repatriates takes place in different ways depending on the country of origin and on the generation of those who arrived. There are certain boundaries and rejection both between the migrants themselves, the repatriates and the locals, which are manifested not only in their behavior towards each other but also in a broader sociocultural understanding.

 
Keywords
repatriation policy, repatriate, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, oralman, kandas, diaspora, migration, adaptation
Received
11.08.2023
Publication date
31.01.2024
Number of characters
71372
Number of purchasers
8
Views
184
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
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