Везде
The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences
Annotation
PII
S207987840018150-4-1
DOI
10.18254/S207987840018150-4
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Vyacheslav Shacillo 
Affiliation: State Academic University for the Humanities
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Volume 12 Issue 12 (110). Part 1
Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of the geopolitical consequences of two international crises in Latin America in the end of 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The first Venezuelan crisis caused by a territorial dispute between Venezuela and the British Empire, worsened also relations between Washington and London. The government of the USA considered that the territorial claims of Great Britain to one of the Latin American countries threatened the vital interests of the United States and were in contradiction with the principles of the Monroe doctrine. Based on such considerations, the White House demanded the convening of an international tribunal to resolve this territorial dispute. The British government originally refused to accept the American proposal, and then, under the pressure of international circumstances, agreed to arbitration and actually recognized the Monroe doctrine. Afterwards, the process of rapprochement between the two countries began. During the Second Venezuelan crisis, caused by the financial demands of a number of European countries to the Venezuelan government, the main opponent of the United States was the German Empire, which also did not recognize the Monroe doctrine and tried to strengthen its financial and military positions in Latin America. The German-American confrontation in Venezuela seriously worsened relations between Washington and Berlin and led to a closer Anglo-American cooperation. Thus, both crises changed the geopolitical situation not only in Latin America, but also worldwide.

Keywords
international relations, Venezuela, Guiana, USA, UK, Germany, Monroe Doctrine, international arbitration, Olney Doctrine
Источник финансирования
The article is prepared in the State Academic University for Humanities as a part of the theme № FZNF-2020-0001 supported by the Ministry of science and high school of the Russian Federation.
Received
01.10.2021
Publication date
27.12.2021
Number of characters
43904
Number of purchasers
13
Views
817
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

Full text is available to subscribers only
Subscribe right now
Only article and additional services
Subscription benefits
200 RUB / 1.0 SU
Whole issue and additional services
Subscription benefits
820 RUB / 10.0 SU
All issues and additional services for 2021
Subscription benefits
5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. Bolkhovitinov N. N. Doktrina Monro (Proiskhozhdenij i kharakter). M., 1959.

2. Istoriya SShA. T. 1. M., 1983.

3. Tirpits A. Vospominaniya. M., 1957.

4. Usatyuk D. V. Amerikano-anglijskie otnosheniya pered Pervoj mirovoj vojnoj: vzaimodejstvie i protivoborstvo // Amerikanskie issledovaniya v Sibiri. Tomsk, 2002.

5. Angemann E. Ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte der Monroe Doktrin und der deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen // Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien. B. 3. Heidelberg, 1958.

6. Boyle T. The Venezuela Crisis and the Liberal Opposition, 1895—1896 // The Journal of Modern History. Vol. 50. № 3. September, 1978.

7. Burr G. L. The Search for the Venezuela-Guiana Boundary // The American Historical Review. Vol. 4. № 3. April, 1899.

8. Ferrell R. H. American Diplomacy. The Twentieth Century. N. Y., 1988.

9. Fiebig-von Hase R. Lateinamerika als Konfliktherd der deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen. 1890—1913. V. 2. Göttingen, 1986.

10. Forbes I. The German Participation in the Allied Coercion of Venezuela 1903—1903 // Australian Journal of Politics and History. V. 24. Is. 3. 1978. P. 317.

11. Fonzo E. Italia y el bloquero naval de Venezuela (1902—1903) // Cultura latinoamericana. Revista interculturuales. № 21 (1).

12. Forbes I. The German Participation in the Allied Coercion of Venezuela 1902—1903 // Australian Journal of Politics & History. 1978.Vol 24. Is. 3.

13. Foreign Relations of the United States. 1901.

14. Greenville J. A. S. Diplomacy and War Plans in the United States, 1890—1917 // Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Vol. 11. 1961.

15. Herwig N. German Imperialism and South America before the First World War: the-Venezuelan Case 1902/1903 // Russland — Deutschland — Amerika. Wiesbaden, 1978. P. 120.

16. Herwig N. Politics of Frustration. The United States in German Naval Planning, 1898—1941. Boston, 1976.

17. Hickey D. R. The War of 1812. A Short History. Chicago, 2012.

18. Humphreys R. A. Presidential Address: Anglo-American Rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895 // Transactions of the Royal Society. 1967. Vol. 17.

19. Jonas M. The United States and Germany. A Diplomatic History. Ithaca; L., 1984.

20. Lodge H. C. England, Venezuela and the Monroe Doctrine // North American Review. 1895. Vol. 463.

21. Lodge H. C. Speeches and Addresses. 1884—1909. Boston; N. Y., 1909.

22. Mitchell N. The Danger of Dreams: German and American Imperialism in Latin America. Chapel Hill, 1999.

23. Morris E. “A Matter of Extreme Urgency”. Theodore Roosevelt, Wilhelm II, and the Venezuela Crisis of 1902 // Naval War College Review. 2002. Vol. 55. № 2.

24. Nelson M., Blake N. M. Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy // The American Historical Review. Vol. 47. Is. 2. January, 1942.

25. Smith D. M. Robert Lancing and American Neutrality 1914—1917. L. A., 1958.

26. Pacific Commercial Adviser. 10.12.1903.

27. Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts. VSA 16. Beziehungen der Vereinigen Staaten von Amerika zu Deutschland.

28. Tansil C. C. The Foreign Policy of Tomas F. Bayard, 1885—1897. N. Y., 1940.

29. Vagts A. Deutschland und die Vereinigten Staaten in der Weltpolitik. B. 2. N. Y., 1935.

30. Williams M. W. Anglo-American Isthmian Diplomacy, 1815—1915. Washington, 1916.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate