Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines

Popov, Grigorij; Kazenkov, Oleg

doi:10.18254/S207987840015908-7

English

Home>Issue 12 (110). Part 2>Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines

Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines

Table of contents

Annotation Estimate Publication content

References Comments

Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines

Annotation

PII

S207987840015908-7-1

DOI

10.18254/S207987840015908-7

Publication type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Grigorij Popov Send message

ORCID: 0000-0002-3060-5030

Affiliation:
Joint-Stock Company “POLYUS” Stelmakh Research Institute
RANEPA University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Oleg Kazenkov

ORCID: 0000-0002-8893-4443

Affiliation:
Joint-Stock Company “POLYUS” Stelmakh Research Institute
RUDN University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Edition

Volume 12 Issue 12 (110). Part 2

Abstract

The authors study the military potential of the Japanese Empire and its changes during the Pacific War in order to understand the role of the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II. In this regard, the authors basing on the losses suffered by Japan on various fronts define the role of the USSR in the defeat of militaristic Japan. They argue that the contribution of the USSR to the victory of the Anti-Hitler coalition in Asia consists mainly in shackling significant forces of the Japanese army in Manchuria and Korea until the end of the summer of 1945, which did not allow the Japanese military to win to a large extent in the southwestern provinces of China, thereby ensuring direct communication with Burma. As for the defeat of the Japanese Air Force, which was the main striking force of Japanese militarism, there was a decisive contribution of the United States, whose Air Force also caused significant damage to Japanese industry by the summer of 1945 with strategic bombing. In this regard, the authors question the need for atomic bombing, which accelerated the surrender of Japan, but did not make it, as the authors prove, inevitable. The authors see the main reason for Japan's defeat in the strategy of its High command, putting the economy in second place. The Japanese admirals exaggerated the capabilities of carrier-based aircraft too much, which became a fatal factor for Japan in the Pacific war. The authors also claim that the actions of the Allied troops in Burma played a significant role in the defeat of Japan.

Keywords

Japan in World War II, the Pacific War, Japanese militarism, the Manchurian operation, the United States in World War II

Источник финансирования

This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

Received

26.07.2021

Publication date

27.12.2021

Number of characters

64183

Number of purchasers

Views

814

Readers community rating

0.0 (0 votes)

Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

GOST	Kazenkov O., Popov G. Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines // ISTORIYA. – 2021. – V. 12. – Issue 12 (110). Part 2. URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840015908-7-1/. DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015908-7
MLA	Kazenkov, Oleg, Popov, Grigorij "Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines." ISTORIYA. 12.12-2 (110) (2021). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015908-7
APA	Kazenkov O., Popov G. (2021). Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines. ISTORIYA. vol. 12, no. 12-2 (110) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015908-7

Full text is available to subscribers only

Subscribe right now

Only article and additional services

Subscription benefits

200 RUB / 1.0 SU

Whole issue and additional services

Subscription benefits

820 RUB / 10.0 SU

All issues and additional services for 2021

Subscription benefits

5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. Velikaya Otechestvennaya vojna: yubilejnyj statisticheskij sbornik. M.: Rosstat, 2020. ISBN 978-5-89476-484-9

2. Dannye s sajta Muzeya Vtoroj mirovoj vojny v SShA [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https: // www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-us-military-numbers

3. Zhukov A. E. Istoriya Yaponii. V 2-kh tomakh. T. II. 1868–1998. M.: Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, 1998.

4. Klaving V. V. Yaponiya v vojne. M.: AST: Tranzitkniga, 2004.

5. Nachal'nyj period vojny: po opytu pervykh kampanij i operatsij Vtoroj mirovoj vojny / pod obsch. red. generala armii Ivanova S. P. M., Voenizdat, 1974.

6. Aizawa Kiyoshi. Japanese Strategy in the First Phase of the Pacific War // International forum on war history. Eighth forum. Tokyo, 2009. P. 35—40.

7. Asada Sadao. From Mahan to Pearl Harbor: The Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2006.

8. American Merchant Marine at War. Dedicated to the Mariners who died in service of their country during all Wars, Including Revolutionary War, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and their U. S. Naval Armed Guard shipmates. Created March 26, 1998, Last updated June 24, 2019 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.usmm.org

9. Boyd A. J. C. Worthy of better Memory: The Royal Navy and the defence of the Eastern Empire 1935—1942: Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Humanities in the University of Buckingham. February 2015.

10. Burma operations record: 15th Army Operations in Imphal area and Withdrawal to Northern Burma (Revised Edition) // Japanese Monograph № 134. Prepared by headquarters United states army. Japan SA: D. C., 1952. P. 164.

11. Burtness P. S., Ober, W. U. Provocation and Angst: Japan, Pearl Harbor, and the Entry into War in the Pacific // The Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 51. 2017. P. 91—114.

12. Cohen A. W. American Leaders and East Asia, 1931—1938 / American, Chinese, and Japanese Perspectives on Wartime Asia, 1931—1949. Wilmington: A Scholarly Resources Imprint, 1990. P. 1—27.

13. Feis H. The Road to Pearl Harbor: The Coming of the War Between the United States and Japan. Princenton: Princeton University Press,1950.

14. First Report to the Secretary of the Navy Covering our Peacetime Navy and our Wartime Navy and Including Combat Operations up to 1 March 1944 by Admiral Ernest J. King, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations. Issued 23 April 1944. United States Fleet Headquarters of the Commander in Chief Navy Department. Washington 25, D.C. P. 2, 15.

15. General Headquaters. United States Army Forces. Daily summary and G-2 Estimate of the Enemy Situation. August 31, 1945. № 1244. P. 28, 36.

16. General Headquarters, United States Army Forces in the Pacific. “DOWNFALL”: Strategic Plan for Operations in the Japaneae Archipelago. May 28, 1945. Edition № 1. D. C.: Army military history institute. P. 10, 20.

17. Gruner W. P. “U. S. Pacific Submarines in World War II” is a summary of the U. S. submarine war in the Pacific. It was written by William P. “Bud” Gruner Jr., class of 1935 in the US Naval Academy who eventually commanded USS SKATE during WW II [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://maritime.org/doc/subsinpacific.htm#pg12

18. Hasegawa T. Soviet policy toward Japan during World War II // Cahiers du monde Russe, 2011. Vol. 52. № 2-3 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.9333

19. Herzog J. H. Influence of the United States Navy in the Embargo of Oil to Japan, 1940—1941 // Pacific Historical Review, August 1966. Vol. 35. № 3.

20. Huff G., Majima S. The Japanese Occupation of South East Asia during the Second World War // South East Asia Research. 2011. № 19 (4). P. 855—877. DOI: 10.5367/sear.2011.0076

21. Horner D. “The British Empire in the pacific War” / in National Institute for Defense Studies (ed.) // The Pacific War as Total War, National Institute for Defense Studies. Tokyo, Japan. P. 103—114, 110.

22. Homeland Operations Record // Japanese Monograph. No. IT (Includes Nos.17, 18,19, 20). Prepared by Headquarters, Usaffe and Eighth U. S. Army (Rear), 1945. P. 139.

23. Hansel J. H. S. The Strategic Air War Against Germany and Japan: a Memoir. D. C., Washington: Office of Air Force History United States Air Force, 1986. P. 247—248, 256.

24. Ienaga Saburo. Japan’s Last war: World war II and the Japanese, 1931—1945. Canberra: Australian national university press, 1979.

25. Imperial General Headquarters. Army High Command Record, Japanese Military Command Organization, Chief of Military History // Japanese Monograph № 45. Headquarters Far East Command Military History Section, Japanese Research Division. USA, D. C., 1953. P. 135.

26. Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes. USA, D.C., Wasington: The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee, 1947. P. 6.

27. Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area. Volume II-PART I. Compiled from Japanese Demobilization Bureaux Records. USA, D. C., Facsimile Reprint, 1994. P. 592.

28. Klinek E. W. The Army’s Orphans: The United States Army Replacement System in the European Campaign, 1944—1945. A Dissertation Submitted to The Temple University Graduate Board, 2014. P. 54, 55—56, 135.

29. King E. J. Fleet Admiral. U. S. Navy at War, 1941—1945: Official Reports to the Secretary of the Navy. Washington, D. C.: GPO, 1946. P. 244—251.

30. Logistics in World war II: Final Report of the Army Service Forces: a Report to the Under Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff by the Director of the Service, Supply and Procurement Division, War Dej,rutment General Staff. 1st CMH ed. USA, D. C., 1993. P. 16.

31. Matloff M. 90-Division Gamble. USA, DC: Center of Military History, 1990. P. 368—369.

32. McLynn F. The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph 1942—1945 (The Yale Library of Military History). New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. P. 455.

33. Nakagawa R. Japan—U.S. Trade and Rethinking the Point of No Return toward the Pearl Harbor // Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies. 2010. Vol. 9.

34. Okazaki Tetsuji. Supplier Networks and Aircraft Production in Wartime Japan. August 2010. CIRJE-F-755. University of Tokyo. P. 4, 5, 25.

35. O’Neil W. D. Interwar U. S. and Japanese National Product and Defense Expenditure. The CNA Corporation, 2003. P. 22, 39.

36. Record of Operations against Soviet Russia Northern and Western Fronts, August—September, 1945 // Japan Monograph № 155. Washington, D. C.: Department of the Army, 1954. P. 280—281.

37. Ricklefs M. C. World War II and the Japanese Occupation, 1942—1945 // A History of Modern Indonesia. Macmillan Asian Histories Series. L.: Palgrave, 1981. P. 187—199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16645-9_16

38. Russett B. M. No Clear and Present Danger: A Skeptical View of U.S. Entry into World War II. N. Y.: Harper & Row, 1972.

39. Rottman G. L. U. S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle — Ground and Air Units the Pacific War, 1939—1945. Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-313-31906-8.

40. Sahposhnikov B. G. The China theater in World War II. 1939—1945. M.: Progress, 1985. P. 54, 168.

41. Sagan S. D. The Origins of the Pacific War. The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars / eds. Rotberg R. I., Theodore K. Rabb. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

42. Tajima N. Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, any, and Italy // International forum on war history: Proceedings. 2016.

43. The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison / ed. by Harrison M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. P. 31.

44. Wawro G. “The American Way of War” and the U. S. War with Japan 1941—1945. P. 141.

45. Wohlstetter R. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press, 1962.

46. World War 2 Casualties. World War 2 Otherground // LLC and World-War-2.info. 2003. Retrieved June 20, 2006.

47. Yasuba Yasukichi. Did Japan Ever Suffer from a Shortage of Natural Resources Before World War II? // The Journal of Economic History. September 1996. Vol. 56. № 3. P. 543—560 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700016934