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Lords and Tenants in the Customary Law of the Boroughs of Medieval England
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Lords and Tenants in the Customary Law of the Boroughs of Medieval England
Annotation
PII
S207987840001789-6-1
DOI
10.18254/S0001789-6-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Marina Vinokurova 
Affiliation: Senior Research Fellow of Historical Faculty, State Academic University for Humanities. Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of World History
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Volume 8 Issue 3 (57)
Abstract
The paper offers a number of problems, connected with the possession of land in the boroughs of medieval England – according to the customary law. Special attention is given to the problem of relations between lords and tenants in the boroughs. It’s evident that element of feudal dependence in the borough was not so distinct if compared with English medieval manor. As a rule tenants in the borough were obliged to pay to the lords only fixed yearly rents. Usually they were not due to pay entry fines or reliefs, heriots after death of the tenant or marriage merchet. Unlike medieval villains they were not obliged to work off a corvee. English medieval borough included into itself so-called “element of freedom” to such a high degree, that villains, who had escaped from the manors, became free people, having been lived in the borough a year and a day. Tenants in the boroughs also had a right according with their own will (without lord’s permission) to alienate (e.g. to inherit, to buy, to sell) their movables. Sometimes they even could give a credit addressed to the lord, which had to be returned by him during the period defined by the custom of the borough. No doubt, that customary law considered a tenant in the borough to be a person who had more freedom in the comparison with villain or copyholder; a person who was subjected directly to administration of the borough or to the king himself as well as to a common law of England. Nevertheless, there is no reason to underestimate the role of the lord in the medieval borough, for he was a borrower of the yearly rents — a very important feature of the relations between tenants and lords in general. The social value of the rents in the borough was so high that customary law was a special lever of punishment for rent arreas, up to the forfeiture of land.
Keywords
Medieval England, borough, lords, tenants, rents, custom, customary law, rent arreas, escheat, entry fine, heriot, a year and a day period
Received
21.01.2017
Publication date
24.04.2017
Number of characters
47233
Number of purchasers
43
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9576
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