Abstract
Paper is devoted to the analysis of the earliest reports about Rus’ merchants on the transcontinental routes between Eastern Europe and the Middle East and Byzantium. Rus–Khazar and Rus–Byzantine relations in the 9th – the beginning of the 10th centuries are examined and the integration of the Rus’ state to the international relations system in the Black Sea and Caspian regions as well as the interdependance of the Byzantine and the Middle Eastern directions of the Rus’ policy is demonstrated.
Keywords
Ancient Rus’, Byzantium, Khazaria, the Middle East, trade routes, Ibn Khordadbeh, Ibn al-Faqih
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