Abstract
Despite the criticism, the theory of 'feudal revolution' is still the most adequate explanation of the social transformation during which western society got the features that make it different in essense from other regions. Only in the context of the world history it is possible to understand how the West could afford to have 'the luxury of feudalism'. At the same time, contrary to long-standing prevailing belief, 'shaping' of the principle medieval (feudal) institutions became possible only in the 12th century. This process was facilitated by creation of particular intellectual tools allowing to describe and think about world in new categories. It was closely connected with the formation of new social environment, i.e. medieval urban intellectuals.
Keywords
characteristics of the West European Middle Ages, research in 12th-century history, 12th-century 'revolutions', feudalism
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