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Part I. Russia and Iberoamerica: History, Diplomacy, Сulture
The section presents articles reflecting the broad themes of the history of diplomatic, political and cultural relations between Russia and the countries of Ibero-America, geographically distant from each other and seemingly having few points of contact. Indeed, the history of Russia's diplomatic relations with the Ibero-American countries often seems peripheral, but there are pages of great significance for the entire world, when our country played an important role in the events and processes that took place in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America. Suffice it to mention the Spanish Civil War or the Soviet assistance to the Cuban Revolution. Most of these subjects are related to the twentieth century, but the history of our contacts goes back to the seventeenth century and is of particular importance at the present stage, which is also reflected in the articles published in this issue.
Part II. Problems of the History of the Commonwealth of Independent States
In 1881 Ashgabat, the capital of modern Turkmenistan, was founded. The 140th anniversary of the city was the perfect occasion for holding the international scientific conference “Turkmens in the Russian Empire: Loyalty to the Empire or/and Loyalty to the Empire” on May 20, 2021, during which the Turkmen and Turkmen scholars managed to meet and discuss the history of Turkmenistan and Turkmens. The first 8 articles of the issue devoted to the history of the CIS countries reflect this meeting. The other part of this section includes papers on a wide range of issues in the history of post-Soviet states, including a discussion of national aspects of the formation of the USSR, an analysis of the Soviet Union's policy during the Great Patriotic War in the ethnic dimension, and a study of the political and socio-economic processes in Central Asia at the present stage. The problems of the development of the idea of national sovereignty and identity are also considered in the articles devoted to the historiography of national communism in Ukraine and the formation of ideas of statehood in Latvia in the context of the concept of legitimacy of the Treaty of Riga of August 11, 1920.