Везде
Anti-Colonial Orientalism: Descriptions of Khrushchev’s Visits to the Countries of South and Southeast Asia in 1955 and 1960
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
Anti-Colonial Orientalism: Descriptions of Khrushchev’s Visits to the Countries of South and Southeast Asia in 1955 and 1960
Annotation
PII
S207987840032429-0-1
DOI
10.18254/S207987840032429-0
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Evgeny Savitsky 
Affiliation: Institute of World History RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Volume 15 Issue 9 (143)
Abstract

In 1955 and 1960 N. S. Khrushchev made long trips to the countries of South and Southeast Asia, visiting Afghanistan, India, Burma and Indonesia. These trips were covered in detail in the Soviet press. After the completion of the trips, their detailed descriptions were published in the form of books written by Soviet journalists: “Mission of Friendship” (1956) and “The Awakened East” (1960). Descriptions of travel to the East were one of the most popular genres of Orientalist literature in the 19th and 20th centuries. Khrushchev's visits took place after the end of the first wave of decolonization and at the beginning of the second. The article examines the extent to which descriptions of the Soviet leader's travels manage to avoid colonial stereotypes. It is concluded that during the era of the “thaw” and decolonization, serious conscious work took place to develop a new official language, to overcome both Stalin’s great power legacy and colonial stereotypes that had pre-revolutionary origins. At the same time, approaches change between 1955 and 1960. If in 1955 attempts were made to move away from the epic modality of narration characteristic of socialist realism of the Stalin era, then in 1960 much more multifaceted work was carried out to construct a new temporality of narration, partly reminiscent of the avant-garde experiments of the 1910s — 1920s and including a new understanding of the figure of the author and viewer-traveler. Many of the techniques used by Soviet journalists anticipated later approaches of postcolonial criticism. The importance of developing this new political language is pointed out not only for foreign policy, but also for the ideology of “friendship of peoples” within the country, which has not received enough attention in existing studies.

Keywords
USSR, Russia, India, orientalism, anti-colonialism, Nikita Krushchev, state visit, travel narratives, press, friendship of peoples, внешняя политика
Источник финансирования
This article was prepared with the support of a grant, provided by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement №. 075-15-2024-537).
Received
20.06.2024
Publication date
30.09.2024
Number of characters
58108
Number of purchasers
5
Views
76
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf 200 RUB / 1.0 SU

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion

Full text is available to subscribers only
Subscribe right now
Only article and additional services
Subscription benefits
200 RUB / 1.0 SU
Whole issue and additional services
Subscription benefits
820 RUB / 10.0 SU
All issues and additional services for 2024
Subscription benefits
5000 RUB / 50.0 SU

References

1. Venchanie s Rossiej: perepiska velikogo knyazya Aleksandra Nikolaevicha s imperatorom Nikolaem I, 1837 g. / publ. L. G. Zakharovoj, L. I. Tyutyunik. M., 1999.

2. Vizit v Sovetskij Soyuz Partijno-pravitel'stvennoj delegatsii Chekhoslovatskoj sotsialisticheskoj respubliki, 25—29 noyabrya 1975 g. M., 1975.

3. Vremya bol'shikh peremen. Korrespondenty «Pravdy» rasskazyvayut o vizite L. I. Brezhneva v SShA / Yu. Zhukov, N. Kurdyumov, V. Nekrasov, B. Strel'nikov. M., 1973.

4. Gudi D. Pokhischenie istorii / per. s angl. O. V. Kogtevoj. M., 2015.

5. Dzherasi R. Okno na Vostok: Imperiya, orientalizm, natsiya i religiya v Rossii. M., 2013.

6. Zevert D. L. Sovetskij karnaval: ot politicheskogo shestviya do «prazdnika dlya naroda» // Vestnik RGGU. Seriya: Politologiya. Istoriya. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. Zarubezhnoe regionovedenie. Vostokovedenie. 2016. № 4 (6). S. 118—125.

7. Kovalev M. V., Mirzekhanov V. S. «Nashe vnimanie k Iranu kak strane-sosedu, bezuslovno, dolzhno byt' rezko povysheno». Dokumenty o prebyvanii delegatsii Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR v Irane (yanvar' 1968 goda) // Novaya i novejshaya istoriya. 2024. № 1. S. 173—195.

8. Koenker D. SPAcibo partii: Otdykh, puteshestviya i sovetskaya mechta / per. s angl. V. A. Petrova. SPb., 2022.

9. Klark K. Moskva, chetvertyj Rim: stalinizm, kosmopolitizm i ehvolyutsiya sovetskoj kul'tury (1931—1941) / per. s angl. O. Gavrikovoj, A. Fomenko. M., 2018.

10. Krauze V. M. Puteshestvie ego imperatorskogo vysochestva gosudarya naslednika tsesarevicha i velikogo knyazya Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha, 1891—1892: Gretsiya, Egipet, Indiya, Kitaj, Yaponiya, Sibir'. SPb., 1894.

11. Missiya druzhby: Prebyvanie N. A. Bulganina i N. S. Khruscheva v Indii, Birme, Afganistane. Vyp. 1—2. M., 1956.

12. Nerushimoe edinstvo i druzhba: Vizit v ChSSR sovetskoj partijno-pravitel'stvennoj delegatsii vo glave s General'nym sekretarem TsK KPSS, Predsedatelem Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR t. L. I. Brezhnevym, 30 maya — 2 iyunya 1978 g.: Rechi, dokumenty, materialy. M., 1978.

13. Nikita Khruschev. 1964. Stenogrammy plenuma TsK KPSS i drugie dokumenty / sost. A. N. Artizov, V. P. Naumov, M. Yu. Prozumenschikov i dr. M., 2007.

14. Olejnikov A. A. Buduschee v nastoyaschem // Neprikosnovennyj zapas. Debaty o politike i kul'ture. 2022. № 2 (142). S. 57—68.

15. Perepiska tsesarevicha Aleksandra Nikolaevicha s imperatorom Nikolaem I, 1838—1839 gg. / pod red. L. G Zakharovoj, S. V. Mironenko. M., 2008.

16. Plenum Tsentral'nogo komiteta Kommunisticheskoj partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 19—23 noyabrya 1962 g. Stenograficheskij otchet. M., 1963.

17. Poezdka L. I. Brezhneva v Baku, 18—25 sentyabrya 1978 g. M., 1978.

18. Poezdka Leonida Il'icha Brezhneva po Sibiri i Dal'nemu Vostoku. Mart — aprel' 1978 g. M., 1978.

19. Polovtsov A. A. Pis'ma o zagranichnom puteshestvii ego imp. vys. velikogo knyazya Vladimira Aleksandrovicha 1870 goda. SPb., 1871.

20. Radde G. I. 23 000 mil' na yakhte «Tamara»: Puteshestvie ikh imperatorskikh vysochestv velikikh knyazej Aleksandra i Sergeya Mikhajlovichej v 1890—1891 gg. / ill. N. S. Samokisha. V 2 tt. SPb., 1892.

21. Razbuzhennyj Vostok: Zapiski sovetskikh zhurnalistov o vizite N. S. Khruscheva v Indiyu, Birmu, Indoneziyu, Afganistan / A. Adzhubej, D. Burkov, Yu. Voronov i dr. V 2-kh kn. M., 1960.

22. Romanovy v doroge: Puteshestviya i poezdki chlenov tsarskoj sem'i po Rossii i za granitsu / otv. red. M. V. Leskinen, O. V. Khovanova. M.; SPb., 2016.

23. Savitskij E. Kolonial'naya fotografiya i vospitanie (ne)grazhdan (obzor) // Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 2020. № 6 (166). S. 594—605.

24. Sakhadeo D. Golosa sovetskikh okrain. Zhizn' yuzhnykh migrantov v Leningrade i Moskve / per. s angl. D. Chaganovoj. M., 2023.

25. Said Eh. Orientalizm / per. s angl. K. Lopatkinoj. M., 2021.

26. Said Eh. Frejd i neevropejskoe / per. s angl. A. Garadzhi // Sinij divan. 2005. № 6. S. 7—38.

27. Sergeev E. Yu. Vozdejstvie antikolonial'nykh dvizhenij Srednego Vostoka na sovetsko-britanskie otnosheniya 1920-kh gg. // Novaya i novejshaya istoriya. 2023. № 5. S. 111—123.

28. Skalon D. A. Puteshestvie po Vostoku i Svyatoj zemle v svite velikogo knyazya Nikolaya Nikolaevicha v 1872 godu / ris. s natury khudozh. E. K. Makarova. SPb., 1881.

29. Slesar' E. Sovetskij prazdnik: teatralizatsiya mifa. M., 2024.

30. Sluchevskij K. K. Po Severu Rossii. Puteshestvie ikh imperatorskikh vysochestv velikogo knyazya Vladimira Aleksandrovicha i velikoj knyagini Marii Pavlovny v 1884 i 1885 gg. V 2 tt. SPb., 1886.

31. Stromilov N. S. Puteshestvie gosudarya naslednika tsesarevicha Aleksandra Nikolaevicha po Vladimirskoj gubernii v 1837 g. i Pervaya Vystavka proizvedenij Vladimirskoj gubernii v gorode Vladimire.: Ist. i stat. ocherki. Vladimir, 1888.

32. Skhimmel'pehnnink van der Oje D. Russkij orientalizm. Aziya v rossijskom soznanii ot ehpokhi Petra Velikogo do Beloj ehmigratsii. M., 2019.

33. Schast'e i mir — narodam! Prebyvanie Predsedatelya Soveta Ministrov SSSR N. S. Khruscheva v Indii, Birme, Indonezii i Afganistane. 11 fevralya — 5 marta 1960 g. M., 1960.

34. Tol'ts V. «Sobstvennyj Vostok Rossii». Politika identichnosti i vostokovedenie v pozdneimperskij i rannesovetskij period. M., 2013.

35. Trefolev L. N. Puteshestvie naslednika tsesarevicha Aleksandra Nikolaevicha po Yaroslavskoj gubernii v 1837 g. Yaroslavl', 1889.

36. Mifologicheskij slovar' / pod red. E. M. Meletinskogo. M., 1992.

37. Uffel'man D. Samounichizhenie Khrista: Metafory i metonimii v russkoj kul'ture i literature / per. s nem. I. Alekseevoj. V 3-kh tt. SPb., 2022—2024.

38. Ukhtomskij Eh. Eh. Puteshestvie na Vostok ego imperatorskogo vysochestva gosudarya naslednika tsesarevicha, 1890—1891 / ill. N. N. Karazina. V 3 tt. SPb., 1893—1897.

39. Fotoal'bom o poezdke L. I. Brezhneva v rajony Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka / spets. fotos'emki V. G. Musaehl'yanova, pod obsch. red. L. M. Zamyatina. M., 1978.

40. Khorosheva A. Prince Albert’s Voyage to Congo in 1909: a New Start in Belgian Colonial Policy // ISTORIYA. 2020. Vol. 11. Is. 8 (94). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840011046-9-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S207987840011046-9

41. Chakrabarti D. Provintsializiruya Evropu / per. s angl. P. Bavina. M., 2021.

42. Chaudhary Z. R. Afterimages of Empire: Photography in Nineteenth-Century India. L.; Minneapolis, 2012.

43. Clark K. Eurasia without Borders. The Dream of a Leftist Literary Commons, 1919—1943. Cambridge (Mass.); L., 2021.

44. Dalton J. N. The Cruise of Her Majesty’s Ship “Bacchante”, 1879—1882. Compiled from the Private Journals, Letters, and Note-Books of Prince Albert Victor and Prince George of Wales. 2 vols. L., 1886.

45. Djagalov R. From Internationalism to Postcolonialism. Literature and Cinema between the Second and the Third Worlds. Montreal; L.; Chicago, 2020.

46. Drieyonhuizen C. Objects, Nostalgia and the Dutch Colonial Elite in Time of Transition, ca. 1900—1970 // Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 2014. Vol. 170. No. 4. Colonial Re-Collections: Memories, Objects, and Performances. P. 504—529.

47. Edgar A. Intermarriage and the Friendship of Peoples. Ethnic Mixing in Soviet Central Asia. Ithaca; L., 2022.

48. Fayer J. Notes on the Visits to India of Their Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and Duke of Edinburgh, 1870—1875—1876. L., 1879.

49. Goyle S. Tracing a Cultural Memory: Commemoration of 1857 in the Dehli Durbars, 1877, 1903 and 1911 // The Historical Journal. 2016. Vol. 59. No. 3. P. 799—815.

50. Kemper M. Red Orientalism: Mikhail Pavlovich and Marxist Oriental Studies in Early Soviet Russia // Die Welt des Islams. 2010. Bd. 50. No. 3/4. S. 435—476.

51. Kirasirova M. The Eastern International. Arabs, Central Asians, and Jews in the Soviet Union’s Anticolonial Empire. N. Y., 2024.

52. Lorcin P. M. Imperial Nostalgia, Colonial Nostalgia: Differences of Theory, Similarities of Practice? // Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques. 2013. Vol. 39. No. 3. Nostalgia in Modern France: Bright New Ideas about a Melancholy Subject. P. 97—111.

53. Maxwell W. With the Ophir round the Empire: An Account of the Tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales, 1901. L., 1902.

54. Reed C. V. Royal Tourists, Colonial Subjects and the Making of a British World, 1860—1911. Manchester, 2016.

55. Rosaldo R. Imperialist Nostalgia // Representations. 1989. No. 26. P. 107—122.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate